What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the prostate, a small gland that produces seminal fluid in men. It is one of the most common cancers among men and is often slow-growing, but can also be aggressive.

Risk Factors

• • Age: The risk increases significantly after age 50.
• • Family History: Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk.
• • Ethnicity: African American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer.
• • Health Conditions: Obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure can contribute to higher risk.

Symptoms

In early stages, prostate cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms can include:

• • Difficulty urinating or weak urine stream
• • Frequent urination, especially at night
• • Blood in urine or semen
• • Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis

Diagnosis

Prostate cancer is typically diagnosed through:

• • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Physical examination to check for abnormalities
• • PSA Test: Blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen levels

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. It can occur in both men and women, although it is far more common in women. Breast cancer can be invasive, spreading to nearby tissues, or non-invasive, remaining within the milk ducts or lobules.

Risk Factors

• • Age: Risk increases significantly for women over 40.
• • Family History: First-degree relatives with breast cancer increases risk.
• • Genetic Factors: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes elevate risk.
• • Ethnicity: African American women have higher mortality rates.

Symptoms

Breast cancer may not always cause noticeable symptoms initially. However, common symptoms include:

• • A lump or mass in or near the breast or underarm area
• • Changes in breast size or shape
• • Skin changes, such as dimpling or redness
• • Discharge from the nipple, particularly if bloody or clear

Diagnosis

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of methods:

• • Mammogram: X-ray of the breast used for routine screening
• • Breast Ultrasound: Used to evaluate suspicious areas
• • Biopsy: Removal of breast tissue for analysis